The time to render one frame is typically around 2–3 hours, with ten times that for the most complex scenes. Toy Story, for example, was rendered at 1536 × 922. The timeline of CGI in movies shows a detailed list of pioneering uses of computer-generated imagery in film and television.ĬGI for films is usually rendered at about 1.4–6 megapixels. Computer-generated extras also became used extensively in crowd scenes. The technology progressed to the point that it became possible to include virtual stunt doubles that were nearly indistinguishable from the actors they replaced. In the early 2000s, computer-generated imagery became the dominant form of special effects. According to one studio executive, as of 2005, more than half of feature films have significant effects. Additional digital animation studios such as Blue Sky Studios (Fox) and Pacific Data Images (Dreamworks SKG) went into production, and existing animation companies such as Disney began to make a transition from traditional animation to CGI.īetween 19 the average effects budget for a wide-release feature film skyrocketed from $5 million to $40 million. In 1995, the first fully computer-generated feature film, Pixar's Toy Story, was a resounding commercial success. Its uses ranged from digital tweening motion between frames, to eye-catching quasi-3D effects such as the ballroom scene in Beauty and the Beast. Industrial Light and Magic produced photorealistic CGI visual effects, including a seawater creature lovingly dubbed the water weenie, for the film.ĢD CGI increasingly appeared in "traditional" animated films, where it supplemented the use of hand-illustrated cels. Photorealistic CGI did not win over the motion picture industry until 1989, when The Abyss won the Academy Award for Visual Effects. The first two films to make heavy investments in CGI, Tron (1982) and The Last Starfighter (1984), were commercial failures, causing most directors to relegate CGI to images that were supposed to look like they were created by a computer. It can also allow a single artist to produce content without the use of actors or other contributors to the project.ĢD CGI was first used in movies in 1973's Westworld, though the first use of 3D imagery was in its sequel, Futureworld (1976), which featured a computer-generated hand and face created by then University of Utah graduate students Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke. Real-time computer graphics, such as those in video games, are rarely referred to as CGI.ĬGI is used because it is often cheaper than physical methods, such as constructing elaborate miniatures for effects shots or hiring a great deal of extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other method. CGI is used in movies, television programs and commercials, and in printed media. Computer Generated Imagery Ĭomputer-generated imagery ( CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically 3D computer graphics) to special effects.
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